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The Khan Yunis massacre is a massacre that took place on November 3, 1956 in the Palestinian town of Khan Yunis and the nearby Khan Yunis Camp in the Gaza Strip during the Suez Crisis. According to Benny Morris, during an Israel Defense Forces operation to reopen the Egyptian-blockaded Straits of Tiran, Israeli soldiers shot two hundred Palestinians in Khan Yunis and Rafah.〔Benny Morris, (''Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict,'' ) Random House 2011 p.295: In all Israeli troops killed about five hundred Palestinian civilians during and after the conquest of the Strip. About two hundred of these were killed in the course of massacres in Khan Yunis (on November 3) and in Rafa (on November 12).'〕〔Yezid Sayigh, ''Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993,'' Oxford University Press, 1997 p.65: 'Dozens of ''fid'iyyun'' were summarily executed, and 275 Palestinian civilians were killed as Israeli troops swept Khan Yunis for fugitives and weapons on 3 November'.〕 According to Joe Sacco's graphic novel (''Footnotes in Gaza ''), Israeli soldiers shot a number of Palestinian men in their homes and lined up others and executed them. Israeli authorities claim IDF soldiers ran into local militants and a battle erupted.〔(Graphic novel on IDF 'massacres' in Gaza set to hit bookstores ).〕〔(הטבח בחאן יונס )〕 == Story of ''Footnotes in Gaza'' == In 1956 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser decided to nationalize the Suez Canal, an important waterway that allowed trade to flow to and from Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean, via the Red Sea. In a secret meeting at Sèvres on October 24, Britain, France and Israel decided to launch a three-pronged offensive against Egypt. The attack began with an Israeli strike on Egyptian positions in the Sinai Peninsula on October 29. A day afterwards, Britain and France served an ultimatum on both Israel and Egypt, which was to function as a pretext for the subsequent operation by both powers to intervene and protect the Suez Canal. Both the United States and the Soviet Union demanded on the 30th of October that hostilities cease and that Israel withdraw its forces back to the armistice line. The day after French naval forces bombarded Rafah, while the RAF made bombing raids on Egyptian airfields. Israel claimed it had conquered Rafah by November 1, and began shelling the Gaza Strip itself. Given the exercise of their veto rights in the UN Security Council by France and Britain, the two great powers were forced to obtain a resolution to that effect before the General Assembly, which duly passed a ceasefire motion on November 2, the same day that Egypt lost control of the Sinai peninsula.〔Jean-Pierre Filiu, (''Gaza: A History,'' ) Oxford University Press, 2014 pp.95-100.〕 and incursions into Egyptian-occupied Gaza via the city of Rafah. In the early hours of that day the IDF broadcast that it knew of the identities of the fedayeen and would punish them for raiding Israel and that the civilian population would be held collectively responsible for such attacks. As a result, around 1,500 fedayeen fled the Strip with relatives for sanctuary the West Bank, to Hebron and other places, or by skiffs across to Egypt.〔〔Yezid Sayigh,''Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement,1949-1993,'' Oxford University Press, 1997 p.65.〕 After killing or capturing all hostile militants in the latter two population centers, forces from the two ends of the Strip met in Khan Yunis on November 3. As opposed to the swift surrender of Egyptian forces in Gaza, the garrison in Khan Yunis under the command of General Yusuf al-Agrudi put up stiff resistance. Israel replied by bombing raids and artillery shelling on the town, which exacted heavy losses in civilian lives, and troops accompanied by an armoured column took the town on November 3.〔 Men suspected of having born arms were executed on the spot, in their homes or places of employment, while all males from 15 years to 60 years of age were forced to muster. Two massacres of civilians then took place. The first occurred when citizens were machine-gunned down after being forced to line up against the wall of the old Ottoman caravanserai in the city's central square.〔 Local residents number that the number of Palestinians shot dead in this action amounted to 100, according to oral memories collected by Joe Sacco. The other massacre took place in the Khan Yunis refugee camp.〔 Israel's purpose was to root out the fedayin from Gaza, though the massacres were largely wrought on civilians. According to Jean-Pierre Filiu, the process of identifying 'fedayin' was inexact, it sufficing to have a picture of Nasser on one's wall to become suspect, or be arrested because one had a similar name to someone on Shin Bet's suspect list.〔 Occasionally local children were used as human shields in areas where snipers were suspected of lying in wait, or where sites might have been booby-trapped.〔 According to one account from a fleeing fedayee, Saleh Shiblaq, Israeli forces walked through the town on the morning of November 3, forcing men out of their homes or shooting them where they were found. In 2003, Shiblaq told Sacco that all the old men, women, and children were removed from his household. Upon their departure, the remaining young men were sprayed with bursts of gunfire by Israeli soldiers. Adult male residents of Jalal Street, in the center of Khan Yunis, were allegedly lined up and fired upon from fixed positions of Bren light machine guns, firing extraneously to the point that a stench of cordite filled the air. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khan Yunis massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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